Inspection Type |
Complaint
|
Scope |
Partial
|
Safety/Health |
Health
|
Close Conference |
2016-07-19
|
Emphasis |
L: FALL, L: GUTREH, N: LEAD
|
Related Activity
Type |
Inspection |
Activity Nr |
1170589 |
Health |
Yes |
|
Type |
Complaint |
Activity Nr |
1114126 |
Safety |
Yes |
Health |
Yes |
|
Type |
Inspection |
Activity Nr |
1199370 |
Health |
Yes |
|
Type |
Inspection |
Activity Nr |
1168675 |
Health |
Yes |
|
Violation Items
Citation ID |
01001 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260062 D01 I |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.62(d)(1)(i): Each employer who had a workplace or operation covered by 29 CFR 1926.62 did not initially determine if any employee was exposed to lead at or above the action level of 30 micrograms per cubic meter of air calculated as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA): a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees were exposed to lead while performing work such as, but not limited to, demolition, carpentry, and cleanup activities in an area where lead was present in debris on the floor and in paint on the walls, ceilings, columns, and surfaces. The employer did not conduct initial assessment of employees exposures to lead. |
|
Citation ID |
01002 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260062 I05 I |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.62(i)(5)(i): The employer did not provide adequate handwashing facilities in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.51(f), for use by employees exposed to lead: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees were exposed to lead while performing work such as, but not limited to, demolition, carpentry, and cleanup activities in an area where lead was present in debris on the floor and in paint on the walls, ceilings, columns, and surfaces. The employer did not provide facilities or equipment for handwashing. |
|
Citation ID |
01003 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260062 L01 I |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.62(l)(1)(i): The employer did not include lead in the program established to comply with the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) (� 1910.1200): a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees were exposed to lead while performing work such as, but not limited to, demolition, carpentry, and cleanup activities in an area where lead was present in debris on the floor and in paint on the walls, ceilings, columns, and surfaces. The employer did not develop and implement a Hazard Communication Standard Program to include information and hazards of lead. |
|
Citation ID |
01004A |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260501 B01 |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7859.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-08 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.501(b)(1): Each employee on a walking/working surface with an unprotected side or edge which was 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above a lower level was not protected from falling by the use of guardrail systems, safety net systems, or personal fall arrest systems: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removing hardwood floors, removing demolition debris, installing temporary electric, and installing new floor supports and structural supports were required to walkthrough areas with large floor openings on the second, third, and fourth floors thereby exposing the employees to a fall hazard over 12 feet. |
|
Citation ID |
01004B |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260501 B04 II |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
5 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.501(b)(4)(ii): Each employee on a walking/working surface was not protected from tripping in or stepping into or through holes (including skylights) by covers: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removing hardwood floors, removing demolition debris, installing temporary electric, and installing new floor supports and structural supports were required to work in and walk through areas where there were floor holes measuring up to 4 feet by 4 feet which were not covered on the second, third, and fourth floors. |
|
Citation ID |
01004C |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260502 I03 |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
5 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.502(i)(3): All covers were not secured when installed so as to prevent accidental displacement by the wind, equipment, or employees: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees were working in the direct area of floor holes that were not completely covered due to them being unsecured. |
|
Citation ID |
01004D |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260502 I04 |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
0.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
5 |
Gravity |
5 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.502(i)(4): All covers were not color coded or marked with the word "HOLE" or "COVER" to provide warning of the hazard: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees were working in the direct area of floor holes in which the holes were not labeled to give a warning to the employees. |
|
Citation ID |
01004E |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260850 I |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
0.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.850(i): Floor openings, not used as material drops, were not covered with a material substantial enough to support the weight of the load to be imposed: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees performing demolition activities such as, but not limited to, removing hardwood floors, floor joists, support beams, and removing demolition debris, were required to walkthrough areas with floor openings that were not covered thereby exposing the employees to a fall hazard. |
|
Citation ID |
01004F |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260850 G |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.850(g): Where a hazard exists to employees falling through wall openings, the opening was not protected to a height of approximately 42 inches: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees performing demolition activities such as, but not limited to, removing hardwood floors, floor joists, support beams, and removing demolition debris were required to throw and dump material down the elevator shaft thereby exposing the employees to a fall hazard and who wore no fall protection or positioning device. |
|
Citation ID |
01004G |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260852 E |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
0.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.852(e): Chute openings, into which workmen dumped debris, were not protected by substantial guardrails approximately forty-two inches above the floor or other surface on which men stood to dump material: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees performing demolition activities such as, but not limited to, removing hardwood floors, floor joists, support beams, and removing demolition debris were required to throw and dump material down the elevator shaft without installing guardrails approximately forty-two inches thereby exposing the employees to a fall hazard. |
|
Citation ID |
01004H |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260851 A |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.851(a): The employer did not ensure that access ways other than those designated by the employer as stairways, passageways and ladders as means of access to the structure(s) of a building were entirely closed at all times: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees performing demolition activities such as, but not limited to, removing hardwood floors, floor joists, support beams, and removing demolition debris utilized a temporary stairway that went from the basement to the second floor was not designated for use and not closed off. |
|
Citation ID |
01004I |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260852 F |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.852(f): Where the material is dumped from mechanical equipment or wheelbarrows, a securely attached toeboard or bumper, not less than 4 inches thick and 6 inches high, were not provided at each chute opening: a) On and before 7/19/2016, 960 Broadway building north side, employees removing hardwood floors and other demolition debris were required to throw and dump material down the elevator shaft. The employer did not install a toeboard or bumper. |
|
Citation ID |
01005 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260850 H |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.850(h): Debris was dropped through holes in the floor without the use of chutes into an area not properly barricaded: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removing hardwood floors and other demolition debris were required to throw and dump material down the floor openings thereby exposing the employees to a fall hazard. Additionally all floors below the working level were not barricaded. |
|
Citation ID |
01006 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19261101 E01 |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.1101(e)(1): All Class I, II, and III asbestos work was not conducted within regulated areas: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removed hardwood floors and asbestos containing black underlying paper. Asbestos debris including TSI was also in the area. The employer did not establish a regulated area. |
|
Citation ID |
01007 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19261101 F02 I |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.1101(f)(2)(i): The employer failed to ensure that the exposure assessment was conducted in time to comply with requirements which are triggered by the exposure data or the lack of a negative exposure assessment: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removed hardwood floors and asbestos containing black underlying paper. Asbestos debris including TSI was also in the area. The employer did not do an exposure assessment of the work area within the building. |
|
Citation ID |
01008A |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19261101 G01 I |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.1101(g)(1)(i): The employer did not use engineering controls and work practices in all operations covered by 29 CFR 1926.1101, regardless of the levels of exposure, in the form of vacuum cleaners equipped with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to collect all debris and dust containing asbestos containing material and presumed asbestos containing material: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removed hardwood floors and asbestos containing black underlying paper. Asbestos debris including TSI was also in the area. The employer did not use engineering or work practice controls while the employees were dry sweeping and shoveling ACM. |
|
Citation ID |
01008B |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19261101 G01 II |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
0.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.1101(g)(1)(ii): The employer did not use engineering controls and work practices in all operations covered by 29 CFR 1926.1101, regardless of the levels of exposure, in the form of wet methods or wetting agents to control employee exposures during asbestos handling, mixing, removal, cutting, application and cleanup: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removed hardwood floors and asbestos containing black underlying paper. Asbestos debris including TSI was also in the area. Wet methods were not used when employees were dry sweeping and shoveling ACM. |
|
Citation ID |
01008C |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19261101 G03 III |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
0.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.1101(g)(3)(iii): The following work practices and engineering controls such as, but not limited to, dry sweeping can not be used for work related to asbestos or for work which disturbs ACM or PACM, regardless of measured levels of asbestos exposure or the results of initial exposure assessments: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removed hardwood floors and asbestos containing black underlying paper. Asbestos debris including TSI was also in the area. The employers' lack of engineering and work practice controls disturbed ACM. |
|
Citation ID |
01008D |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260062 H02 |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
0.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.62(h)(2): Where possible, clean-up of floors and other surfaces where lead accumulated was not accomplished by vacuuming or other methods that minimized the likelihood of lead becoming airborne: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees were exposed to lead while performing work such as, but not limited to, demolition, carpentry, and cleanup activities in an area where lead was present in debris on the floor and in paint on the walls, ceilings, and columns. The employer did not use vacuuming or other methods while the employees were dry sweeping and shoveling debris containing lead. |
|
Citation ID |
01008E |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19260062 H03 |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Initial Penalty |
0.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.62(h)(3): Shoveling, dry or wet sweeping, and brushing were used when vacuuming or other equally effective methods were effective: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees were exposed to lead while performing work such as, but not limited to, demolition, carpentry, and cleanup activities in an area where lead was present in debris on the floor and in paint on the walls, ceilings, and columns. The employer did not use engineering or work practice controls while the employees were dry sweeping and shoveling debris containing lead. |
|
Citation ID |
01009 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19261101 G01 III |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.1101(g)(1)(iii): The employer did not use work practices in all operations covered by 29 CFR 1926.1101, regardless of the levels of exposure, in the form of prompt clean-up and disposal of wastes and debris contaminated with asbestos, in leak-tight containers: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removed hardwood floors and asbestos containing black underlying paper. Asbestos debris including TSI was also in the area. The employer did not use leak-tight methods for collection and disposal of debris containing asbestos. |
|
Citation ID |
01010 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19261101 H01 IV |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.1101(h)(1)(iv): Respirators were not used during all Class II and III asbestos jobs where the employer had not produced a negative-exposure assessment: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removed hardwood floors and asbestos containing black underlying paper. Asbestos debris including TSI was also in the area. The employer did not provide respiratory protection while employees were dry sweeping and shoveling ACM. |
|
Citation ID |
01011 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19261101 I01 |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.1101(i)(1): The employer did not provide and require the use of protective clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole-body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for each employee exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos that exceed the time weighted average and/or excursion limit in 29 CFR 1926.1101(c) or for which a required negative exposure assessment was not produced: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removed hardwood floors and asbestos containing black underlying paper. Asbestos debris including TSI was also in the area. The employer did not provide protective clothing for employees dry sweeping and shoveling ACM. |
|
Citation ID |
01012 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19261101 K03 II B |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.1101(k)(3)(ii)(B): The employer did not inform employers of employees who worked and/or were working in adjacent areas of the location and quantity of asbestos containing material and/or presumed asbestos containing material present in the area: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removed hardwood floors and asbestos containing black underlying paper. Asbestos debris including TSI was also in the area. The employer did not inform employees, contractors, and temp employees conducting dry sweeping and shoveling ACM of the locations and quantities of asbestos. |
|
Citation ID |
01013 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19261101 K08 III |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.1101(k)(8)(iii): The employer did not ensure that labels of bags or containers of protective clothing and equipment, scrap, waste, and debris containing asbestos fibers bear the following information: DANGER CONTAINS ASBESTOS FIBERS MAY CAUSE CANCER CAUSES DAMAGE TO LUNGS DO NOT BREATHE DUST AVOID CREATING DUST a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removed hardwood floors and asbestos containing black underlying paper. Asbestos debris including TSI was also in the area. The employer did not label materials that contain ACM and/or PACM. |
|
Citation ID |
01014 |
Citaton Type |
Serious |
Standard Cited |
19261101 K09 I |
Issuance Date |
2017-01-18 |
Abatement Due Date |
2018-07-10 |
Current Penalty |
7857.0 |
Initial Penalty |
8873.0 |
Contest Date |
2017-02-07 |
Final Order |
2018-07-23 |
Nr Instances |
1 |
Nr Exposed |
16 |
Gravity |
10 |
FTA Current Penalty |
0.0 |
Citation text line |
29 CFR 1926.1101(k)(9)(i): The employer did not institute, at no cost to employees, a training program for each employee who was likely to be exposed in excess of the permissible exposure limit (PEL) and for each employee who performed Class I through IV asbestos operations: a) On and before 7/19/2016, throughout 960 Broadway building, employees removed hardwood floors and asbestos containing black underlying paper. Asbestos debris including TSI was also in the area. The employer did not train employees that were dry sweeping and shoveling materials that contain ACM and/or PACM. |
|
|